March marks Colorectal Cancer Awareness Month, a time to focus on one of the most preventable—and most treatable—forms of cancer when caught early. Understanding your risk and getting screened on time can dramatically reduce your chances of developing advanced disease.
The National Impact of Colorectal Cancer
Colorectal cancer is a cancer that starts in the colon or the rectum. These cancers, also commonly referred to as colon cancer or rectal cancer, have become a major public health concern in the United States. National projections for 2025 estimate approximately 52,900 deaths from colorectal cancer, underscoring its status as one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention identifies it as the fourth leading cause of cancer death nationwide.
Looking ahead, the American Cancer Society projects 158,850 new colorectal cancer cases in 2026. While race-specific case counts for that year are not available, long-standing data show that the burden of this disease is not shared equally across populations, with a disproportionate burden on African Americans. We are also seeing alarming numbers in younger people with about 10% of colon cancer cases diagnosed in people under 50.
Why Early Detection Matters
The good news is when colon cancer is found at an early stage, the survival rate can be as high as 90%. Regular screenings allow doctors to detect polyps before they become cancerous, and potentially remove them by using non-surgical techniques relatively easily and painlessly.
Can Colorectal Cancer be Prevented?
In many cases, it can be prevented. Most colorectal cancers begin as precancerous polyps, which typically cause no symptoms for years. If we find them and remove them early, we are able to prevent cancer from developing.
This is why screening and early treatment are so critical. The earlier we detect and remove these polyps, the less likely they are to progress into cancer. Multiple studies show that removing precancerous polyps significantly reduces future cancer risk.
Screening Options
Kaiser Permanente recommends that adults age 45 and older begin regular screening with various options, depending on the individual, including:
- Annual at-home fecal immunochemical test (FIT) once a year – ask your doctor about FIT; it’s easy to do in the privacy of your own home at a time that is convenient for you.
- Flexible sigmoidoscopy every five years for those at average risk.
- Colonoscopy every 10 years for those at average risk.
Your doctor may recommend earlier or more frequent screening if you have additional risk factors.
Risk Factors for Colorectal Cancer
Several factors can increase the likelihood of developing colorectal polyps or cancer:
- Diet high in red or processed meats
- Sedentary lifestyle
- Overweight or obesity
- Smoking and heavy alcohol use
- Family history of colorectal cancer, especially in a first-degree relative
- Personal history of polyps or inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis)
- Certain medical conditions, including Type 2 diabetes or a history of kidney transplant
- Racial and ethnic background, with African Americans experiencing higher incidence and mortality
Colorectal cancer is one of the few cancers that can often be prevented through routine screening and early intervention. Don’t be afraid to bring it up with your doctor and ask questions no matter your age. Kaiser Permanente also offers comprehensive resources online or via kp.org/cancer to help everyone in the community learn more about this important issue.